Maintaining optimal farrowing rates is crucial for efficient pork production. When sow farrowing rates decline, producers must investigate multiple factors that could be affecting reproductive performance.
1. Evaluating Breeding Practices
Proper heat detection and breeding timing are critical. Ensuring accurate estrus identification and consistent breeding techniques, whether through artificial insemination or natural service, can help improve conception rates.
2. Semen Quality and Storage
Semen handling plays a vital role in fertility. Factors such as storage temperature, shelf life, and proper mixing techniques can significantly impact breeding success. Semen should be stored between 15-18°C (59-64°F) and used within the recommended timeframe to maintain viability.
3. Sow Body Condition and Nutrition
Sows that are too thin or overweight may have lower conception rates. A well-balanced diet that meets energy and nutrient requirements throughout gestation helps maintain reproductive efficiency. Monitoring body condition scores (BCS) and adjusting feed intake accordingly is essential.
4. Environmental and Management Factors
Housing conditions, temperature fluctuations, and ventilation can all influence reproductive performance. Stress factors, such as overcrowding or excessive heat, can negatively impact embryo survival. Consistent, comfortable housing and minimal disturbances during gestation help maintain farrowing rates.
5. Disease and Health Status
Reproductive diseases, such as PRRS and influenza, can lead to increased embryo loss or failed pregnancies. Routine herd health monitoring, biosecurity measures, and proper vaccination protocols are necessary to reduce disease-related reproductive losses.
6. Reviewing Data and Records
Tracking breeding and farrowing data allows producers to identify patterns and pinpoint potential issues. Analyzing conception rates, return-to-estrus cases, and non-productive days can help improve overall reproductive management strategies.
By systematically troubleshooting these factors, pork producers can improve sow farrowing rates and maintain herd productivity.
Source: Swine Vet Center – Read more here
