China’s pig farming sector is bouncing back from the devastation of African Swine Fever (ASF), which wiped out nearly 40% of the country’s pig population starting in 2018. This crisis, which sent pork prices soaring and disrupted global markets, has spurred transformative changes in China’s agricultural landscape.
As of 2024, China’s pig herd has largely recovered, with production reaching near pre-ASF levels. This rebound was driven by massive investments in modern, biosecure facilities and government policies aimed at stabilizing pork supplies and prices. The sector has increasingly shifted towards large-scale, technologically advanced farming operations. Companies like Muyuan Foodstuff are leading the way with multi-story “hog hotels” designed to maximize efficiency and reduce the risk of disease outbreaks.
However, the road to recovery hasn’t been without challenges. Oversupply in recent years, fueled by new entrants drawn to the industry by high pork prices, led to a glut in the market and declining profit margins. This cyclical boom-and-bust dynamic has prompted many farmers to recalibrate their operations, with the sow herd shrinking to its lowest level since 2020. This strategic contraction may signal a stabilization of the market, providing a brighter outlook for producers.
The Chinese government continues to play a pivotal role in ensuring the long-term viability of the industry. Policies supporting biosecurity, modernization, and sustainable production are critical to meeting the growing demand for pork while addressing food security concerns.
Looking ahead, the lessons learned from ASF have positioned China’s pig farming sector to be more resilient and innovative. The focus on advanced farming practices and disease prevention provides a blueprint not just for China but for other major pork-producing nations worldwide.
